Southern Illinois University Carbondale's research highlights severe mental health challenges among correctional officers in the United States. Chronic high stress, long and difficult shifts, and elevated anxiety are constant components of correctional officers’ jobs, leading to higher rates of PTSD than military veterans. About 34% of the officers in the study reported suffering from PTSD, compared to 14% of military veterans and 7% of the general public. Additionally, correctional officers face a suicide rate that is 40% higher than the rest of the working-age population, and their average life expectancy is significantly lower at 59 years compared to the general population’s 75 years.
The study, led by Wasantha Jayawardene, assistant professor of public health, analyzed data from interviews with 1,083 prison guards in Massachusetts and Texas, along with random samples from other prisons. The research focused on work-related stress, substance use, safety concerns, threats of violence, overcrowding, and the extensive responsibilities faced by correctional officers. The findings revealed poor health, high job turnover rates, increased substance use, and other negative outcomes, including higher rates of alcoholism and divorce. Officers struggle with administrative and legal pressures, fear of making mistakes, mandatory overtime, and work/life balance, leading to significant social, emotional, and cardiovascular problems.
Many correctional officers resort to substances such as prescription medicines, alcohol, sleeping pills, marijuana, and illegal drugs like fentanyl and heroin to cope with the stress. The study found that 70.8% of officers had used alcohol and 17.2% had used sedatives in the last month. Jayawardene emphasized the lack of support for stress management and healthy coping mechanisms available to officers, with more than 52% unwilling to ask for help from their employers. The research team concluded that tailored interventions are needed to address the specific stressors and mental health needs of correctional officers.
Jayawardene and his colleagues aim to expand their research to obtain a more comprehensive view of the issues faced by correctional officers across the country. By collecting accurate data on a national scale, they hope to develop effective stress management, relief, and intervention plans, including apps with helpful information, online yoga, and specialized treatments customized for the needs of prison guards. Addressing these mental health challenges is crucial for improving the overall well-being and longevity of correctional officers, ensuring a healthier and more supportive work environment.
